Development of the deceleration machinery industry
Publish Time：
2025-05-28
During the 1970s and 1980s, the world saw significant advancements in gear reducer technology, closely intertwined with the new technological revolution. The development trends of general-purpose gear reducers are as follows:
1. High level, high performance: Cylindrical gears generally adopt carburizing and quenching, and grinding, increasing load-carrying capacity by more than four times, resulting in smaller size, lighter weight, lower noise, higher efficiency, and higher reliability;
2. Modular combination design: Basic parameters adopt preferred numbers, with uniform size specifications, strong part commonality and interchangeability, easy series expansion and innovation, facilitating mass production and cost reduction;
3. Diverse types and multiple variant designs: Breaking away from the traditional single base mounting method, adding hollow shaft suspension type, floating support base, integrated motor and reducer connection, multi-directional mounting surfaces, and other different types, expanding the range of applications.
The main factors contributing to the improvement of gear reducer technology are:
1. Increasingly refined theoretical knowledge, closer to reality (such as gear strength calculation methods, modification technology, deformation calculation, optimization design methods, smooth transition at the gear root, new structures, etc.);
2. Adoption of superior materials, widespread use of various high-quality alloy steel forgings, improved material and heat treatment quality control;
3. More reasonable structural design;
4. Improved processing accuracy to ISO5-6 grade;
5. Improved bearing quality and lifespan;
6. Improved lubricating oil quality.
Since the 1960s, China has successively formulated a series of standards for general-purpose gear reducers, including JB1130-70 "Cylindrical Gear Reducers." In addition to being manufactured and used by host manufacturers, a number of specialized gear reducer manufacturers have also emerged. Hundreds of enterprises across the country produce gear reducers, with an annual output of around 250,000 general-purpose gear reducers, contributing to the development of China's machinery products. Gear reducers in the 1960s were mostly manufactured based on Soviet technology from the 1940s and 1950s. Although there has been some development since then, due to limitations in design, technology, and equipment at the time, the overall level lagged significantly behind international standards. Since the reform and opening up, China has introduced a batch of advanced processing equipment and, through introduction, digestion, absorption of foreign advanced technologies, and scientific research, has gradually mastered the design and manufacturing technologies of various high-speed and low-speed heavy-load gear devices. The quality of materials and heat treatment and the precision of gear processing have significantly improved. The manufacturing precision of general-purpose cylindrical gears can be improved from grade 8-9 of JB179-60 to grade 6 of GB10095-88, and the manufacturing precision of high-speed gears can be stably maintained at grade 4-5. After some gear reducers adopted hard tooth surfaces, the volume and weight were significantly reduced, and the load-carrying capacity, service life, and transmission efficiency were significantly improved, playing a significant role in energy saving and improving the overall level of the host equipment. The power of high-speed gear reducers (increasers) independently designed and manufactured in China has reached 42,000 kW, and the gear peripheral speed has exceeded 150 m/s. However, the technological level of most gear reducers in China is still not high, and old products cannot be immediately replaced. The coexistence and transition of new and old products will take a considerable amount of time.
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